How Far Does ‘The Fall of The House of Usher’ Meet With The Conventions Of Gothic Fiction? Essay

The Gothic novel dominated English literature from 1764 when ‘The Castle of Ortranto’ by Horace Warpole was published, until the early to mid 19th century. The Gothic novel is characterised by darkness, dense forests, old castles, dreary rooms and melancholy characters. Although Gothicism began to relinquish its dominance around 1815, it influenced many emerging genres and can still be seen in some of today’s popular styles. Stephen King, a famous horror writer, draws on suspense, the fear of loneliness and the fear of the unknown whilst Anne Rice, the current ‘queen’ of gothic fiction draws on much the same themes as ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’. Her latest novel ‘Blackwood Farm’ is set in a huge house in the middle of nowhere and tells the story of a young man trapped in a neither living nor dead world where he is haunted by a spirit which prevents him from belonging anywhere. The Fall of the House of Usher is set on a ‘dark, soundless day in the autumn’, an ideal setting for a Gothic tale. Autumn, with its cold dreary months following the warmth of summer and nothing to look forward to apart from the hardships of winter, gives an immediately depressing feel to the story. The clouds are said to be â€Å"low in the heavens† making the reader aware of a grey oppressive sky, again referring to darkness and shortage of sunlight. As the narrator approaches of the house he describes it as having â€Å"bleak walls† and â€Å"eye like windows†. The latter of these gives the reader a feeling of the house watching him like a person. The reader can sense the narrator’s apprehension. Poe uses descriptions such as â€Å"rank†, meaning a strong rancid odour, a certain indication that something in some way has gone bad. And then he describes the â€Å"white trunks of decayed trees† thus highlighting the ghostly, â₠¬Å"death like† setting. The narrator seems very unnerved by the setting and this is portrayed when he says â€Å"nor could I grapple with the shadowy fancies the crowded upon me as I pondered†, as if he is scared or wary of the objects around him. The plot fits perfectly into the Gothic genre. It contains a strange man with an unknown illness, a house which in some way has a powerful negative effect on the family and a person who either returns from the dead or was entombed alive. All this is set in a vast and ancient decaying house surrounded by a bleak forest. The background to the story is that the narrator has been asked to visit by the owner of the house who was a boyhood companion of his. The narrator hasn’t seen or even given much thought to this man for many years. We are made aware of the loneliness of the life Roderick Usher, the owner, when the narrator speaks of not really knowing his friend very well. As a child Roderick was excessively reserved. It seems strange that the only person he feels able to call on in his time of need is someone who doesn’t feel he knows him very well. We are also told that there are no other branches of the Usher family. The story starts with the narrator approaching the h ouse alone through the bleak setting. The reader is aware of his vulnerability and starts to feel concerned about what lies ahead. The narrator approaches the house nervously and trying to calm his anxiety, looks into a lake. The image reflected, however, is even more horrific and chaotic than what he was imagining previously and this throws the narrators mind into a state of temporary disarray. This is a theme prevalent throughout the story but is usually displayed by Roderick Usher not the narrator. Nearing the house the narrator notices a fissure running from the roof of the house to the ground, this is not dwelt on at the time but is very relevant to the ending of the story. Once inside the house the narrator is led through many â€Å"dark and intricate passages† to meet Roderick Usher. He finds him much changed and describes him as â€Å"terribly altered†. Not only does Usher look physically ill but he also seems to been in a very agitated state of mind â€Å"alternately vivacious and sullen†. There are moments when Usher seems hopeful that his guest will be able to help him and talks o f â€Å"the solace he expected me (the narrator) to afford him†. At one point he describes his illness as a â€Å"constitutional and a family evil, and one for which he despaired to find a remedy† but then immediately says that it is a â€Å"mere nervous affection† which will soon pass. He seems almost haunted by the things he is afraid of and confides in the narrator as to what he feels will be the death of him. It is fear, a most crucial component of Gothic literature. Our introduction to Lady Madeline, Usher’s twin sister, is brief, no more than a sighting but we are told of her mysterious illness and later her death. The narrator assists Usher, who is anxious to prevent doctors from interfering with his sisters body, to entomb Madeline in a vault. After this Usher’s mental health goes into rapid decline. On the â€Å"seventh or eighth night† after her entombment the narrator retires to his room but feels troubled and cannot sleep. Usher knocks at his door, also troubled and demanding in a rather hysterical manner â€Å"And you have not seen it?† In an effort to calm him the narrator grabs a book and starts reading to Usher. As he reads, noises described in the book seem to be mirrored within the house. Even after this has happened twice the narrator tries to remain calm so as not to further excite the unstable Usher. However when it happens a third time the narrator can no longer contain his alarm and rushes over to Usher who seems to be having a complete breakdown. Usher declares that the noises were Madeline breaking free from her tomb were they had placed her still living. Terrified he feels her presence outside the door † I tell you that she now stands without the door†. The door flies open and there is Madeline who falls heavily upon her brother who dies of fright just as he predicted. The narrator flees from the house and looking back from a safe distance sees the fissure which he had noticed on his arrival widening and then the walls of the house collapsing until the whole building disappears into the tarn. Poe plays with the readers emotions by alternating the dramatic and sinister with the relatively normal. The typically gothic setting at the beginning of the story and the narrators reaction to it â€Å"a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit† draw the reader in and create an unsettling mood. Poe depicts the house and its surroundings in detail so we are thoroughly immersed in it. In the opening paragraph Poe describes the setting and the narrators feelings in great detail. In this part of the piece Poe is unrestrained by having to follow the details of the storyline. He is free to show off his talents at description of both setting and human emotions whilst creating a powerfully gothic atmosphere. â€Å"I reined my horse to the precipitous brink of a black and lurid tarn that lay in unruffled lustre by the dwelling, and gazed down – but with a shudder even more thrilling than before – upon the remodelled and inverted images of the gray sedge, and the ghastly tree-stems, and the vacant and eye-like windows† Once settled into the house the narrator appears to develop some sort of routine to his days with Usher. Whilst the narrators life is not exactly normal in the strict sense of the word as Ushers grip on sanity is fragile and some of his behaviour very peculiar, the reader is reassured by the calm and sensible voice of the narrator. Though even within this period of relative calm Poe often inserts accounts of some of Usher’s bizarre behaviour such as his improvisations on guitar. The apparent death of lady Madeline signals the start of the build in tension to the climax of the story. The narrator has to help Usher deposit her coffin in a small, damp, copper lined vault which lies â€Å"at great depth, immediately beneath that portion of the building in which was my own sleeping apartment†. The vault is sealed with a massive iron door after the coffin lid has been screwed down. On the final night of the story the narrator is anxious, too anxious to sleep. The reader is not used to this so feels anxious too. We are told of the tattered draperies which â€Å"swayed fitfully to and fro upon the walls† it creates unease. When Usher comes into the narrators room he is in a very agitated state. He throws open the window to the storm and to the â€Å"unnatural light of a faintly luminous and distinctly visible gaseous exhalation † which enshrouds the mansion. The ghostly sight makes the narrator shudder and he tells Usher that the air is â€Å"chilling and dangerous to his frame†. The suggestion of cold chilling air makes goose bumps rise on the readers skin, the same effect that fear would have. Then the narrator reads to Usher taking the reader away from the unnerving atmosphere in the room only to be brought back suddenly when noises in the house mirror the noises described in the story. This becomes increasingly alarming as it happens not twice but three times. The reader identifies strongly with the narrator and so feels the fear that he feels. By the time Madeline appears at the door the reader is at his most anxious and it would probably be very anticlimactic if the story didn’t climax with the violence that it does. Poe’s use of intricate language is extensive and well structured. In the first paragraph he uses a large number of adjectives as this is the most descriptive part of the story. He refers to the â€Å"melancholy House of Usher†. Here he uses personification to assign a human emotion to the house. This could refer back to the narrators own emotions but I think it probably reflects the atmosphere of the house, also described as â€Å"dull† and â€Å"dark†. Poe also compares the narrators feelings to the â€Å"after dream of the reveller upon opium†. The experience of opium taking would have been well known to his readers as it was readily available and frequently taken among the middle and upper classes. The effect of opium taking that he is referring to is not the ‘high’ but the terrible low as one plunges back into reality after the ‘high’. Poe tends to use words that sound old-fashioned (archaic nouns) and also words that g ive his descriptions more atmosphere. When he writes â€Å"no goading of the imagination could torture into the aught of the sublime†, we are given perfect examples of both of these devices. He could have used ‘shape’ or ‘create’ instead of ‘torture’ but to add to the sinister feeling of the first paragraph he uses the later word which carries much more painful connotations. He also uses the word ‘aught’ an archaic noun meaning ‘anything’. Again he could have used a much simpler word but ‘aught’ gives his writing weight. The use of archaic nouns would make his writing seem old fashioned which would be beneficial to Poe, firstly because readers of his work at that time would consider him a greater writer, and secondly because the use of archaic nouns give his writing a stronger link with the medieval foundations of Gothicism. Poe also strengthens the gothic feel of his story by commenting on the architecture. In the sixth paragraph he refers to a â€Å"†Gothic archway†. The archway is symbolic of entering so he is reminding the reader that they are entering a Gothic world, one where anything could happen. In the same paragraph he also has the narrator led through â€Å"many dark and intricate passages† by a silent valet, these things are commonplace in Gothic novels. The valets silence is menacing and the dark, intricate passages give a claustrophobic feel to the house, much the same as the windows which are said to be â€Å"so vast a distance from the black oaken floor as to be altogether inaccessible from within†. This is most certainly symbolic Poe is giving the reader a sense of the difficulty of escape and of being trapped. Poe uses symbolism a lot to reflect the sate of mind of the characters. He writes â€Å"musical instruments scattered about†, we know that music is an important part of Ushers heritage and something which he is fond of . One would expect these instruments to be treated with care and the fact that they are scattered about mirrors Ushers disordered state of mind. Poe also uses complex adjectives such as â€Å"phantasmagoric†, in this case to describe the armorial trophies. Phantasmagoric means an effect where objects appear to rush towards the observer with increasing size. This makes the trophies very threatening and creates a feeling of paranoia. Later in the story, when Madeline is taken to the vault Poe mentions a â€Å"donjon-keep† used in feudal times. Another archaic word (meaning dungeon) but also alluding to a more sinister background behind the ancient family and its mansion than the art, music and charity that the narrator has spoken about. A dark and sinister past is very typical in Gothic novels. In the dramatic final speech that Usher makes Poe uses repetition to great effect. â€Å"Not hear it? – yes I hear it, and have heard it. Long – long – long â⠂¬â€œ many minutes, many hours, many days, have I heard it†¦.† This draws attention to Ushers agitated state of mind. He cannot speak without repeating himself. We are given the impression that he is hurrying his words mumbling them intensely like a madman. To give us this impression Poe, for the first time in the story uses a lot of short simple words. He builds up the pace of the speech until just before the end using â€Å"the horrible beating of her heart† to pre climax the words â€Å"MADMAN! I TELL YOU SHE NOW STANDS WITHOUT THE DOOR!† The first part of the speech is very effective at building tension so that when her beating heart is mentioned the readers heart is racing. The climax line is delivered with the opening word â€Å"MADMAN†. Usher seems to be addressing everyone, not just the narrator but himself and the reader as well because if we believe she is alive then we are ‘mad’ too. There was not enough air in the vault to keep her alive for so long. ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’ meets the conventions of Gothic fiction well. The Gothic novel was characterised by intense images of vast dark forest landscapes, large castles with dreary interiors and forlorn characters. All of these are portrayed to full effect and the use of adjectives which may have seemed a little excessive, tied in with the atmosphere of the story and actually played off the excessive madness of Usher. The house provides a supernatural mystic background, it is very old with many dark and sinister secrets and the â€Å"donjon-keep† provides a direct connection to the medieval roots of the Gothic. Poe creates for the reader a feeling of apprehension and unease which leads to fear and then to terror. All are essential elements for the Gothic novel. This novel still has an appeal to readers in 2002 as a classical book but at the time it was originally published its genre was fairly common and that’s why when he could, Poe had to use is talent of manipulating the readers mind to full effect. Although his style seems old fashioned to us, I feel that this style of writing has greater impact on the reader than a modern gothic author such as Ann Rice because the language ties in more closely with the roots of the gothic.

Bargaining Power of Supplier of Non-profit Organization

Bargaining power of suppliers can be termed as the capacity of control and competitive advantage a supplier may have over rivals or competitors. The level of rivalry in this context may be brought about by many factors including; number of competitors in a market, market growth, fixed costs, storage costs or perishable goods, low switching costs for the consumer that encourages easy switching from one product to another, low or minimal product differentiation, strategic stakes, exit barriers, diversity of rivals and industry shakeout caused by high supplier and low demand.In all this, every supplier seeks to have a competitive advantage over its rivals to ensure stability in the market and profitability. In non-profit organizations, the supplier bargaining power may be deemed as the position of advantage that donors have over others. This may be in terms of expertise, capital, and skills. Bargaining Power of Supplier (POS) of Non-Profit Organization In the case of non-profit organiza tions, Bright Pink champions and offers education and support to young women who may be at risk of breast and ovarian cancer.Bright Pink’s suppliers/supporters may be classified as corporate (offering capital), individuals (donors) and/or participating doctors offering knowledge, technical credibility and support to the women in the organization. Though the power of these doctors may be low, they most likely gain more from the relationship that Bright Pink. In most organizations, there may be challenges related to the supply of donations and support that may be needed. One of such challenged is supplier power. In many cases, those individuals who supply organizations, such as Bright Pink, with capital also wield some influence during decision making.This means that donors would hold Bright Pink to a high standard of conduct, community involvement, and ethics. Participating doctors who supply knowledge, technical credibility, and support to the women in the organization, may h ave low power but most likely gain more from the relationship than Bright Pink. This is caused by the possibility of Bright Pink finding a multitude of doctors willing to support their cause while the number of organizations seeking doctors to participate on their medical panel may be small in-kind donations from existing members, volunteers, and corporations are another source of support and input.Differentiation of inputs is a factor in assessing supplier’s power. The higher the level of differentiation and importance in the eyes of the buyer, the more powerful the inputs become. Inputs include one-time donations, recurring donations, cause-related marketing opportunities, pro-bono administrative work, marketing, legal support and in-kind donations. Bright Pink’s growth is contingent upon procuring the right combination of inputs.Given the fact that there may be threat of substitutes, there is a clear indication of growth in the number of breast/ovarian cancer Non-pr ofit organizations (NPOs) in recent years. Suppliers of inputs may, therefore, continue to exert control in how these inputs are utilized. Bright Pink would, therefore, have a wide range of suppliers of capital and inputs but a seemingly low power or control over how these supplies/inputs are utilized. The degree of rivalry of similar organizations such as Bright Pink may be increasing with the number of breast/ovarian cancer support organizations coming up.This then means that Bright Pink may be loosing its grip on the number of suppliers/donors it may have. With this threat becoming more and more real, Bright Pink may have to work out strategies to keep its flow of capital and other resources supply that would ensure it continues to fulfill its goals and objectives. Taking Bright Pink as the ‘buyer’ there seems to be a certain level of leverage and power that the organization may have. The number of participating donors such as doctors at Bright Pink’s disposal seems to be fairly good.This couple with the notion that the doctors may be gaining more from the relationship than Bright Pink means that the organization may have a ‘buyer’ power allowing it to have a selection of the best doctors to integrate into its programmes. Barriers to entry/threat of entry may be one factor to be considered in Bright Pink’s case. With a regulating policy to the number of entrants into the breast/ovarian cancer support field, there may be better services and better and stronger inputs from suppliers/donors. In the case of NPOs, existing organizations would offer better and expanded services and efficiently and effectively.This would ensure that those who may be considering offering similar services and/or support would have few people in need of these services hence a barrier/threat of entry by those already in the field. Currently Bright Pinks’ support and aid flow is efficient for the current programmes in the organization. As the organization’s brand awareness, membership numbers, and media exposure continue to grow, it will find cause-marketing more appealing to corporate partners. Corporations are under increasing pressure to give to charities, support local organizations, and be socially responsible.Though this may not be a tangible reason to keep all organizational stakeholders on board, it may be a solid base to attract funding and donations from all suppliers. Programmes that offer a worthy cause may be an effective way to attract and sustain capital and resources from many corporate, individual and participating suppliers. Benefits to the company include increase in brand acceptance by associating with a worthy cause, reaching a niche demographic, differentiation in a crowded market, and perhaps increasing brand loyalty, then the benefits to Bright Pink are obvious.Members and supporters have an easy way to make a contribution and Bright Pink would be able to reach a wider customer base tha n they wouldn’t otherwise reach due to a limited advertising budget. Studies show a net positive reaction in consumers towards the contributing company’s image. The congruency between the charity’s mission and the company’s product is a primary determinant in whether each party gleans the benefits from the cause-marketing effort. As the organization gains popularity and acceptability of its programmes, there will be great increase in the benefits from suppliers.If suppliers are unhappy with the organization’s decisions, they can easy cut funding. In this way, large donors can wield unofficial influence over the organization’s behavior. Corporate donations can be correlated to economic conditions and given that the economy worsened in 2009, Bright Pink may have to be prepared for a decrease in these inputs. A way to offset this threat is to focus on individual/private donations as this tends to be less tied to the economy and these donors ide ntify more with the NPOs they support. Cause-related marketing, which provides benefits to both the supplier and Bright Pink, is another strategy to pursue.Since Bright Pink suppliers provide monetary donations not specific product, technology, or knowledge, there would be no switching costs to suppliers. However, since corporations and individuals will align themselves with a growing and well known charity, switching support to a lesser known NPO would not be advantageous. Since the decision to support various NPOs is a decision based on emotion, Bright Pinks’ most effective strategy for procuring this support is to continue to focus on success stories of those the organization has helped or is helping.Differentiating the Bright Pink story, showcasing various members’ reasons for joining the organization, and demonstrating Bright Pink’s impact on its member’s lives are all methods of highlighting this emotional bond. One of Bright Pink’s short-ter m objectives is to build a stable of partnering companies to provide exposure in the market, increase its membership and become an NPO of choice for corporate sponsorship opportunities. Since most doctors’ expertise is not readily differentiable, their bargaining power is relatively low.It would be logical to conclude that Bright Pink members may have a propensity to utilize the services of these doctors for their health care needs making the balance of power in the doctor-Bright Pink relationship reside in the organization’s favor. On the other hand, inputs from volunteers, corporations, and community groups are not easily achieved, and Bright Pink has less negotiating power when dealing with these groups. Other than the intangible benefits of helping a respected and growing NPO such as Bright Pink, these suppliers have no economic reason to provide support.In these cases, it is most likely the appeal of Bright Pink’s mission that drives the decisions for suppo rt from these suppliers. The importance of the suppliers cannot be stressed enough. Without their support, Bright Pink will not be able to grow. By focusing on cause related marketing and approaching corporations whose products/services align with Bright Pink’s targeted markets, stronger alliances can be built. This will level the power balance and facilitate a mutually beneficial partnership.

Analysing Biopower And Agency Linked To Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Analysing Biopower And Agency Linked To Euthanasia Philosophy Essay Human life can be perceived as a way of being that ensures autonomy upon the physical body. However, state authority, surveillance and law are moderating this individual freedom and moral decision-making. Nowadays, euthanasia remains a highly controversial and sensitive medical and ethical issue. My research and final thesis for the master will focus on the narratives of people, residing in houses for the elderly in Antwerp, Belgium. Emphasis is placed on whether upcoming media interest in euthanasia influences elderly thoughts and decision making regarding assisted suicide. Wishes about end-of-life decisions, opinions of relatives and law interpretations of medical practitioners are being investigated in this study. And finally the way government’s authority influences people’s agency in end-of-life decision making. With this paper, I intend to widen my knowledge of two main anthropological topics linked to the subject of euthanasia, namely biopower and agency. Biopol itics concern the political implications of social and biological facts and phenomena, with political choice and action directly afflicting all aspects of human life. Agency, on the other hand, can be seen as an alternative attempt to maintain autonomy in one’s own life and death, under the influence of the state’s disciplining interference. Both forms of power are studied in this paper, and their interrelationship is critically viewed. Keywords: Biopolitics, Agency, Power, Health, Ethics 2. The history of biopower In Foucault’s The Birth of Biopolitics (Lectures at the College de France, 1978-1979), an analysis of liberalism and neoliberalism as forms of biopolitics is presented. According to Foucault, biopower can be perceived as a technology of power, intending to manage individuals as a group. This political technology differentiates because of its ability to control populations as a whole, and is thus essential to the development of modern capitalism (Fouca ult, 2008). This shift from the managing and micro-controlling of individuals to disciplining a population emerged in the eighteenth-century. Even though this seems as an opportunity to gain more natural rights and liberty for individuals, this liberal government no longer limits state power because of the incompatible tension between freedom and security (Foucault, 2008, McSweeney, 2010). As Foucault argued, liberalism concerns the biopolitical. For liberalism promotes an imagined self-governing of life through a certain capture and disciplining of natural forces of aggression and desire within the framework of a cultural game, governed by civil conventions and instituted laws (Foucault, 2004). In this conception, ‘life is as much of a cultural construct as is law, although the naturalness of life, thought of as innately self-regulating, is always insinuated. Both in economics and in politics, liberalism rejoice in an order that is supposed to emerge naturally from the clash of passions themselves (Milbank, 2008: 2).’ Rabinow and Rose seek to enlighten the developments in Foucault’s concept of biopower, which ‘serves to bring into view a field comprised of more or less rationalized attempts to intervene upon the vital characteristics of human existence (Rabinow, 2006: 196-197).’ Foucault distinguishes two poles of biopower: the first one focuses on an anatomo-politics of the human body, seeking to maximize its forces and integrate it into efficient systems. The second pole entails biopolitics of the population, focusing on the species body, the body imbued with the mechanisms of life: birth, morbidity, mortality and longevity (Rose, 2007: 53). Thus, according to Rabinow and Rose, ‘we can use the term ‘biopolitics’ to embrace all the specific strategies and contestations over problematizations of collective human vitality, morbidity and mortality; over the forms of knowledge, regimes of authority and practice s of intervention that are desirable, legitimate and efficacious (Rabinow, 2006: 197).’

British Imperialists' Motives in Scramble for Africa Essay

British Imperialists' Motives in Scramble for Africa - Essay Example Nevertheless, imperialism is a many-faceted phenomenon; which had political, economic and social roots. Indeed, Socialist and Marxist critics narrowed its definition down and applied the term to a certain stage of capitalist societies when discussing social and and economic conditions (p.2).Thus, any attempt to give an account on the British imperialism must highlight the underlying political, social and economic motives. As Robinson and Gallagher (1961, pp. 19) stated â€Å"a first task in analysing the late-Victorians’ share in the partition [of Africa] is to understand the motives of the ministers who directed it, and the study of official thinking is indispensable to this†. The aim of this paper is to scrutinize British Imperialists' motives in scramble for Africa in three respects: political, economic and social. The Scramble for Africa begun in the last quarter of the 18th century and lasted until the WWI. While the decline of the Ottoman influence created a power vacuum in the region, the colonial powers of Europe, following the lead of the British imperialists, have begun to fill that void. In Africa and The Victorians, Robinson and Gallagher examined the relationship between the partition of Africa and British decision-making process. According to them, the Victorians' political relations with Africa changed radically after 1882. Lord Salisbury stated that: â€Å"I do not exactly know the cause of this sudden revolution. But there it is† (Quoted by Robinson and Gallagher, 1961, pp. 17). Late-Victorians were more eager to dominate Africa than their predecessors and the British forces invaded Egypt in 1882. The collapse of weak African governments may also have played role in the partition. In fact, British divide and rule policy was also an important factor in the national unrest and disorder in Africa. However, Robinson and Gallagher focused on the British policy-making as the underlying political factor. In fact, according to them , as also indicated by Schumpeter, â€Å"The possibility of official thinking in itself was a cause of late-Victorian imperialism† (pp. 21). Indeed, England had a long tradition of imperial rule and the that policy tradition inherited from Pitt and Channing to Palmerston and Clarendon (p.22). They also highlight ed (pp.22-23) policy makers' ignorance of Africa, as the partition was made â€Å"at house parties† without any public interest or participation. In fact, the interests, and thus motives, of policy makers were different in each country. In Egypt, it was due to the collapse of the Kedive regime. In east and west Africa, British interests were related to the Egyptian occupation. In Southern Africa, â€Å"imeperial intervention against the Transvaal was designed above all to uphold and restore the imperial influence which economic growth, Africaner nationalism and the Jameson fiasco had overthrown† (pp. 463). In Rhodesias and Nyasaland, the motives were mer ged with imperial aims in Cape colonial expansion and balance the rise of the Transvaal (pp. 463). However, Robinson and Gallagher stressed that commercial or financial concerns were rather inconsequential in ministers' decision on which territories should be occupied (pp. 463). For Robinson and Gallagher, ministers' private calculations played the most important part in decision-making process and again for different reasons. However, the security concerns seem to have prevailed. In Rhodesia, it was the safety of the routes to the East, in Southern Africa it was the preservation of the colonial rule, while the safety of the routes to India was the prominent imperative (pp. 464). In fact, Robinson and Gallagher (1961, pp. 464) noted that â€Å"

Was it the suffragette movement, or the changes brought about by the Essay

Was it the suffragette movement, or the changes brought about by the great war, that enabled women to get the vote in 1918 - Essay Example So, some believe that the World War I is the major reason for women suffrage and few others believe that the suffrage movements played the key role. The suffrage movement in itself represents a broad range of protests and social movements and had people of both gender with varying views. For instance, Emmeline Pankhurst, who led the Women’s Social and Political Union in 1903, was one of the leaders of suffrage movement and an English political activist and was so militant in the approach. There were diverse views about the â€Å"woman’s place† the different groups fought for. Some of them strongly felt that women were naturally kind and weak, and that these qualities may contribute towards political agenda and policies that have a great bearing on household, children and other social safety. They felt that they might have a civilizing effect on political affairs; for example, laws regarding alcohol or child safety, can be best supported and decided by women. A few others voiced for suffrage based on their strong belief in equal rights and woman’s role. They were against any discourse that listed any n atural role for women, rather supported the idea that men and women are equal and capable of same things. While such groups were led by their ideologies about women, other supporters of suffrage were guided by the opinion that all adults have franchise irrespective of class, gender or race. A significant section felt that women suffrage can cancel the votes of men belonging to lower class or non-white race. Each political activist group working towards women suffrage had its own ideology but working towards the same end. Suffrage basically revolved around the idea of human rights and equality. The history of suffrage movement goes back to 1800’s when, the first women’s rights meeting was held in Unites States and this was followed by the rising egalitarian or democratic spirit among women. However, it was the Nineteenth Amendment that

History of Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of Architecture - Essay Example The organic theme in architecture refers to different individual parts of the building being related to the integrated whole structure. The part-to-whole association as a basic element of the architecture has been consciously endorsed by Lloyd Wright (Harris 93), as seen in his Wayfarers Chapel. Similarly, Casa Mila (Figure 1.) depicting Art Nouveau architecture is a free-form mass located around a street corner. The organic architecture includes the faà §ade which has a wavy cut-stone wall with a rough surface suggesting naturally worn rock. The undulating balconies appear like a series of oceanic waves. The faà §ade is also considered to look like a cliff-like rock with caves, and the building was named as the â€Å"quarry† or Pedrera, which emphasized its natural look. Moreover, â€Å"the entrance portals (Figure 2) look like eroded sea caves† (Kleiner 848). Further, the wrought iron entrance gates (Figure 2), balcony grills and interior window work (Figures 3a and 3b), besides woodwork and hydraulic mosaics (Gaudi et al 262) are based on organic botanical motifs with highly stylized, flowing forms. Distinctively, the rooftop is adorned with twisted chimney stacks and ventilators in unusual biomorphic forms (Figures 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d), with a surrealistic effect (Kleiner 848). The interiors are characterized by the curving lines of arches and room spaces with no right angles (Figure 5) From the plaster of the ceilings are created various organic designs such as the foam of waves, petals of flowers, or tentacles of the octopus (Figure 6). Like the Casa Mila, organic architecture is integral to The Wayfarers Chapel or the â€Å"Glass Church† (Figure 7) created by Lloyd Wright. However, in this case, the organic architecture is related to its location in a scenic setting in the middle of nature.

Software Engineering Design Workshop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Software Engineering Design Workshop - Essay Example Almost all newspapers across the world have some form of crossword for their readers. Actually some readers, especially the elderly and the scholarly people buy a newspaper only to solve the crossword and challenge themselves everyday. This said one must remember that the mobile technology has given the people a power to be online all the time and communicate as and when required. Hence, it is quite definite that the mobile technology has made lot of difference in people’s life. From taking important decisions to addressing their day to day requirements, the mobile phone has given the people to be in touch 24x7. Thus it is quite imperative that their pastime need to be made available on the move. There are only a few people who still carry the newspaper along them. The mobile gadget is all that they require. But that does not mean that the games will not be available to them. Guardian has already incorporated their popular crossword games online. This means that many people can now just go online and play the game whenever they want. But it is not actually the mobile technology. One must have 24x7 accesses to their favorite games and pastimes. The idea of this paper is to deal with the design and implementation aspect of a mobile crossword puzzle which will be available to the people on the move. But first and foremost we have to understand that the normal crossword puzzles that are published by Guardian are of two types. One comes in a normal image format and the other is a dataset which can be decoded to meet the requirements of the mobile gaming platform. However, there are other aspects that must be taken into consideration. The first and foremost is the screen of the mobile phone. It is usually not large enough to accommodate the entire crossword with its grid and clues. Also the game should be downloadable and must be in sync with the latest one. Another aspect is that the advertisements must be removed in order to keep it simple

Enterprinureship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Enterprinureship - Essay Example s / her desired outcomes Thus from an overall perspective, innovation can be described as an engine that drives the functionality and growth of a business process either small or large. Looking at the present market scenario, it can be stated that business process has turned its innovation and technology level as a competitive factor in terms of proving their efficiency and superiority over other competitors (Kakouris, 2010; Annan, 2013). Rapid development and attainment of technology by Entrepreneurs gradually provide them with one specific factor through which they can express themselves in an effective manner. This specific factor can be termed as ‘uniqueness’. Taking reference from the marketing concepts, it can be stated that uniqueness is actually what that ensures the survival of a business process along with decreases the level of market competition. As a result of all these, the discussion will remain majorly focused towards evaluating the necessity of innovatio n in terms of supporting the business processes as established by the Entrepreneurs. Furthermore, elaborations regarding these aspects have been provided in the later portions of the discussion. The aim of this paper will be towards evaluating the role of innovation in supporting the business establishment and business continuation of the Entrepreneurs. In an associated manner, this discussion will also aim towards understanding how innovation can be used as a major tool for business processes that expects a better position within the global market. Okpara (2007), in context to innovation has elaborated about the necessity of creativity within Entrepreneurship. Creativity as per Okpara (2007) is the root of new business ideas, which has the potential of providing an entrepreneur, the required career development opportunity. The misalignment of this creativity factor can also be found within major causes of large scale business failures. Speaking from the marketing point of view, one can say

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business Law - Essay Example The local and state courts are active within their restricted domain. A hierarchal trend is evident in which the bottom courts have restricted domain, and the relatively superior court have increasing number of responsibilities and assignments. The court has certain jurisdictions which are based on the nature and the location of the case (Tinsley, 2000). It is advisable, and is per the discreet of the company to file suit against any party for its failure to abide by the norms and regulations, or violation of any agreed or legal document. In this case, where the company B has betrayed company A, and has tried to defy the accepted deal, the company A is therefore entitled to submit its complain to the court. The issues with reference to the social, family, cultural and religious disputes are handled by the civil courts, whereas the cases related to theft, burglary, murder, violence, corruption and fraud are treated by the criminal courts. The given case in which the company A i.e. employer has been betrayed by another company B i.e. call center has little relevance with the criminal activities; therefore the proceedings of the case are expected to be conducted by the civil courts. The ambiguities and malpractices mostly related to the unethical and immoral values are brought under the domain of the civil court. The civil court are considered perfect judicial resort where the justice can be achieved, the proceedings in other courts are difficult to be materialized mainly due to the reason that either the court itself will rule out the application, or the lawyers of the defendants can prove that the criminal courts are not entitled to conduct the proceedings, thus such a case will stand v oid. Contrary, the civil courts can entitle to conduct the proceedings without any legal barrier, therefore company A is authorized to register a case of manipulation of funds, or detachment from the agreed financial deal against company B in the

Normative Relativism Ethical Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Normative Relativism Ethical Theory - Essay Example The ethical theory that I will apply is one whereas an individual running an organization as a youth group with a diversity of members. Some of the members are Christians, others Muslims and others are not religious. Due to the differences in religious orientations of the members, there are issues during discussions and joint functions since some members perceive themselves as better people and more morally upright compared to their counterparts of different religions. This has lead to many decisions being viewed as biased and not accepted by all the members hence growth and nurturing of conflicts and strife. The ethical theory that is to be presented is a normative relativism and it indicates that every individual has what or to what extent he feels that an issue is morally okay hence it cannot be judged against him when he fails to meet the expectations and targets of the society. This is a big dilemma to the judging of individuals since every person has a benchmark of whatever he feels is quantified as ethical moral. My ethical theory is for the search of what is morally right for the society despite the constraints and upheavals facing the society at present and in the past. It, therefore, is a representative of normative ethics hence it will be showing a judgment of what is right or wrong as it occurs within the social ranks. It will examine the virtues, norms, and values attached to the social issues and how the society generally implements the issues. The ethical theory that I present above is one that represents the value ethics of the society in relation to the judgments of issu es in a way that is morally friendly and without compromising the rights and actions of the other individuals.

Building Factory Essay Example for Free

Building Factory Essay A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position. I am from Saint-Petersburg, Russia. I believe that building a large factory near my community has advantages as well as disadvantages. In the following paragraphs I will list basic benefits and losses that will be brought by a new factory. For several reasons, I think that a new factory will not be a good addition to my neighborhood. First of all, factories often bring pollution. They are prone to contaminating the local air and water. Second of all, factories make noise. Another important aspect of building a new factory near by is that it will make the local traffic heavy. As a result of this, the amount of traffic congestions will increase, as well as contamination of the air. So, all these obviously will not make ones life happier and healthier in my community. From the other side, I believe that a new factory will bring some advantages to my community. First of all, it will bring new job opportunities. Many specialists will be required to work there. Second of all, I think many local community facilities will have to be renovated to obtain reliable supply of water and electricity. So, some old pipes may be changed. Another important benefit of this is that the local roads in order to manage the increasing traffic will be rebuilt and widened. However, I do not think that listed above benefits are worth all these troubles including water contamination and the constant pollution of air. From my point of view all factories must be built far from the people communities because they can be really harmful for peoples health.

Plato and Crito Essay Example for Free

Plato and Crito Essay In Plato’s Crito, Crito attempts to persuade Socrates to flee from his death sentence. However, Crito fails because Socrates presents a counter argument which invalidates much of Crito’s original pleas. Despite this, a fallacy of justice may have been created. Even so, the Republic’s conception of justice seems to have little impact on Socrates’ existing ideas on justice. The first argument presented is the fact that the majority will look down upon Crito and others for not preventing Socrates death; they will find it to be a â€Å"shameful thing both for you and for us† because it seems â€Å"that [Crito] let the opportunity slip because of some vice, such as cowardice† (46a). Another reason which he presents to Socrates is that Crito and the others are â€Å"justified in running the risk† of â€Å"further penalty† for helping him to flee from execution† (44e). While Socrates says that he fears for them, Crito goes on to elaborate that even the sum of money to help him escape is overall â€Å"not large† (45a). He expounds further that people are willing to support him wherever he might go (45c). Next, Crito goes on to mention Socrates two sons; Crito feels that by being executed when there is a possibility to escape, he is â€Å"betraying those sons† (45c), that â€Å"one ought to see their upbringing and education through to the end† (45d). Overall, Crito feels that Socrates would be â€Å"throwing away [his] life†, which would ultimately set him in his enemies own wishes instead of his own (45c). Socrates starts his counter arguments by stating that he cannot just start rejecting the arguments that he had stated before just because of his current, unfortunate situation (46b). Because of this, he begins an examination of the arguments presented by Crito. Socrates states that the majority’s opinion is not what matters because it is not well informed, but rather it is the opinion of â€Å"the person who understands just and unjust things† (48a) that is the most valid opinion to follow. To conclude this section of his argument, Socrates proposes that â€Å"the most important thing isn’t living, but living well†, which he says is the same as living justly (48b). So, by this logic, the concerns that Crito had should be determined just or unjust for Socrates to escape when he had not been acquitted. Socrates reasons that â€Å"doing injustice in any circumstances is bad† and therefore â€Å"one should never do injustice† (49b), â€Å"no matter what one has suffered at [injustice’s] hands† (49c). He further explains through his use of the Laws that violating the contract of the city (his â€Å"deeds† within it [52d]) is only going to undermine the laws in such a way that he would indeed be held to his original charges of corruption (53c). He concludes his argument by stating that in the afterlife, Socrates will have â€Å"all this to offer as [his] defense to the authorities there† (54b). Overall, these arguments that Socrates puts forth are generally sound. However, one overarching theme that could be debated is the conception of being just by submitting to the laws. In many ways, it could be said that Martin Luther King Jr. by resisting the unjust established laws he was himself being unjust and would ultimately end up leading to a worse society. It seems obvious, however, that his actions made a positive difference to the world. Perhaps if Socrates resisted, he could have changed the unjust laws to make them just in such a way the city more just. Crito may have been right when he said that Socrates was giving in – his full potential would ultimately never be realized. If one was to attempt to define the justness of Socrates actions here by using Plato’s Republic, then it may seem that there may be a series of different arguments for justice. However, it is my own conclusion that none of the arguments for the definition of justice in the Republic would really influence Socrates in the slightest. After all, Socrates has already said he would not reject any previous arguments, all of which made in Crito are to be considered previous arguments, so it could be inferred that Plato, as the writer of the Crito, used his ideas of justice as the foundation for the dialog and eventually the Republic. Even the case of supplementary information, justice is explained in part in the Republic as â€Å"doing one’s own work† (433b). Socrates indeed did his own work and was just, but this does not address justice in an unjust city where one’s own work might be considered to be unjust. Further, the three virtues of the soul, moderation, courageousness, and wisdom (435b), were also fulfilled to some extent. Even more, by the classes of the people in the city (435c-441c), it could be said that Socrates followed his class assignment in the just city, but this is not a correlation to Athens, a city with a different class structure. Largely, the expanded view of justice is just more refinement of the original view of justice presented all throughout Plato’s dialogs. Expanded or not, the base remains the same and so it follows that Socrates’ arguments against Crito are relatively the same, even in light of the Republic. All said, Socrates arguments in response to Crito seem to be mostly plausible. Despite the world losing a skillful philosopher, at least the laws and justice of the city were upheld and Socrates therefore lived a just life, regardless of his sentence.

Some Leaders Are Born Some Are Made Religion Essay

Some Leaders Are Born Some Are Made Religion Essay Dreams float on an impatient wind, A wind that wants to create a new order. An order of strength and thundering of fire. from a poem written by Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Some leaders are born, some are made but all dont have a trait that a great man like Dr. Kalam has. A great visionary, a thinker, philanthropist and overall a good human being. The man, ascetic in looks and behaviour, belongs to a rare breed of those who dream lofty dreams, and work hard to transform vision into reality.The man who played a key role in the nuclear tests at Pokharan in the Rajasthan desert on May 11 and 13, has a favourite quotation: We must think and act like a nation of a billion people and not like that of a million people. Dream, dream, dream ! Conduct these dreams into thoughts, and then transform them into action. Above all he is quintessentially Indian. Never allowing his astounding success as a scientist to diminish his humanity and humility. Despite having had an unparalleled career as a defense scientist and been crowned with the highest civilian award of India, the Bharat Ratna, he retains the common touch. As the scientific and technology advisor to the prime minister, he propelled India into the select club of missile powers. He resigned from the post to take up a more ambitious programme of teaching and creating scientific temper in the minds of young inquisitive and knowledge thirsty Indians. Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is the undisputed father of Indias missile program. He has breathed life into ballistic missiles like the Agni and Prithvi, which put China and Pakistan well under Indias missile range. It is too exhausting to track Dr Abdul Kalams achievements to date. In the 60s and 70s he was a trail blazer in the space department. In the 80s he transformed the moribund Defence Research and Development Laboratory in Hyderabad into a highly motivated team. By the 90s Kalam emerged as the czar of Indian science and technology and was awarded the Bharat Ratna. His life and mission is a vindication of what a determined person can achieve against extraordinary odds. Do things yourself. Do not indulge in short-cuts by importing equipment, thundered the great scientist after the famed Pokhran-2 nuclear blasts in 1998. A strong advocate of this philosophy, he distributed newspapers at a young age to help with household expenses. A vegetarian and a teetotaller, Abdul Kalam recites the Quran and the Bhagvad Gita with equal ease. A confirmed bachelor, his modesty is evident from the fact that he gives all the credit to his colleagues. Abdul Kalam is a dreamer. He dreamt of a strong India. His next goal is to produce a reusable missile which no country in the world has been able to produce. And judging by his earlier achievements, this invention does not seem a distant possibility for this genius. As a child, he was fascinated by the flight of seagulls and the interest in flight led to a degree in aeronautical engineering, and eventually to his supervising the development of Indias guided missiles. Along the way, he found time to write Tamil poetry and learned to play the veena. Kalam believes that he has inherited honesty and self-discipline from his father, while faith in goodness and kindness is the trait inherited from his mother. His is a classic story of the magic of democracy where a person from a humble background can expect to rise to the most prestigious position in the country through sheer dint of merit. Kalam has the unique distinction of having received honorary doctorates from at least thirty universities. As a sign of his popularity among Indian youth, MTV-India recently nominated him as one of the prospects for its MTV India Youth Icon for the year 2006 Award. As Dr. Kalam said: You have to dream before your dreams can come true. Thinking should become your capital asset, no matter whatever ups and downs you come across in your life Climbing to the top demands strength, whether it is to the top of Mount Everest or to the top of your career We should not give up and we should not allow the problem to defeat us. God, our Creator, has stored within our minds and personalities, great potential strength and ability. Prayer helps us tap and develop these powers. God, our Creator, has stored within our minds and personalities, great potential strength and ability. Prayer helps us tap and develop these powers Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success If we are not free, no one will respect us Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: From humble beginnings to Presidency. The Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 at Dhanushkodi in the Rameswaram district of Tamil Nadu. He was neither educated abroad, nor was his family financially very strong to support his academic pursuits. His father, Jainulabiddin Marakayar had to rent boats out to fishermen to pay for his school fees. His mother Ashiamma, had gained much formal education. His father possessed great innate wisdom, true generosity of spirit and was a spiritual person. He received secondary education at the Schwartz School, a missionary institute in Ramanathapuram, and later joined the St Josephs College at Tiruchirrapalli, where he graduated with a Bachelor in Science. Abdul Kalam went on to study Aeronautical Engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology. He was the first graduate in the family, with his brothers not even finishing school. He distributed newspapers at a young age to help with household expenses. Abdul Kalam was perhaps marked out to be different right from the beginning. Since he was the youngest in the family, he got his fair share of pampering from the elders. But neighbours remember him as a reserved boy who was very interested in reading books. In a way, library was the foundation on which Kalam built his career. After completing his third year at MIT, Kalam joined Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bangalore as a trainee. Here, he worked on piston and turbine engines examining as part of a team. He also received training on radial engine-cum-drum operations. In 1958, when he came out of HAL as a graduate of aeronautical engineering, he had his long-standing dream of flying, as two alternative opportunities for employment. One was the job at Directorate of Technical Development and Production (DTD P) of the Ministry of Defence and another was a career in the Indian Air Force. He applied at both the places, and the interview calls came simultaneously from both. He went to Delhi for an interview with DTD P, which did not challenge his knowledge of the subject. Then he went to Dehra Dun for interview with the Air Force Selection Board. Here too, the interview was more on personality test, rather than testing his knowledge. He stood ninth in the batch of 25, and eight officers were selected to be commissioned in the Air Force. Kalam could feel the opportunity to join the Air Force slipping from his hands. Dissapointed at his rejection by the IAF, Kalam visited Rishikesh where he bathed in the Ganga and met Swami Sivananda a man who looked like Buddha. He introduced himself to the Swamiji, who did not react to his Muslim identity. He asked Kalam about the reason for his sorrow. Kalam told him about his unsuccessful attempt to join the Indian Air Force and his long-cherished desire to fly. Sivananda guided him saying: Accept your destiny and go ahead with your life. You are not destined to become an Air Force pilot. What you are destined to become is not revealed now but it is predetermined. Forget this failure, as it was essential to lead you to your destined path. Search, instead, for the true purpose of your existence. Become one with yourself, my son! Surrender yourself to the wish of God. After returning to Delhi, Kalam received an appointment letter from DTD P. On the next day he joined as Senior Scientific Assistant, with a basic salary of Rs. 250/- per month. Here, he was posted at the Technical Center (Civil Aviation). He lost his resentment of failure, thinking he would be able to make aeroplanes airworthy if not fly aeroplanes. During his first year in the Directorate, he carried out a design assignment on supersonic target aircraft with the help of his officer-in-charge, R. Varadharajan, and won praise from the Director, Dr. Neelakantan. Then he was sent to the Aircraft and Armament Testing Unit(A ATU) at Kanpur to get shop-floor exposure to aircraft maintenance. Upon his return to Delhi, he was informed that the design of a DART target had been taken up at the DTD P and he was included in the design team. After that, he undertook a preliminary design study on Human Centrifuge. He designed and developed a vertical takeoff and landing platform, and Hot Cockpit. Three years later, the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) was formed in Bangalore and he was posted there. At ADE, Kalam served as a senior scientific assistant, heading a small team that developed a prototype hovercraft. Defence Minister Krishna Menon rode in Indias first indigenous hovercraft with Kalam at the controls. But for reasons never explained, the project which would have been a considerable international achievement in those days, was not encouraged. This was probably one of the reasons why he moved out of ADE in 1962 and joined Indias space program. Thoroughly Indian, the only brief exposure that he got abroad was in 1963-64 when he was invited by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to spend four months in the United States at the Wallops Island Rocketry Centre and the Langley Research Centre. During 1963-82, he served the Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO) in various capacities. Here Kalam initiated Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP) activities, then after a stint with the aerodynamics and design group, he joined the satellite launch vehicle team at Thumba, near Trivandram and soon became Project Director for SLV-3. As Project Director, he was responsible for carrying out the design, development, qualification and flight testing of 44 major sub systems. The project managed to put Rohini, a scientific satellite, into orbit in July 1980. He was honoured with a Padma Bhushan in 1981. In 1982, as Director of DRDO, Kalam was entrusted with the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), Indias most successful military research task to date. The programme constituted of 5 major projects for meeting the requirements of the defence services and for establishing re-entry technology. The 5 projects were scheduled to be completed in a time frame of only 10 years and consisted of: Nag an anti-tank guided missile Prithvi a surface-to-surface battlefield missile Akash a swift, medium-range surface-to-air missile. Trishul a quick-reaction surface-to-air missile with a shorter range. Agni an intermediate range ballistic missile, the mightiest of them all From his SLV-3 experience, Kalam had learned the advantages of team work and of sharing the tasks with partners in private and public sector industries. In the new management structure of the missile program, Kalam, as the Chairman of the Programme Management Board, delegated almost all executive and financial powers to five carefully selected Project Directors and kept himself free to address the core technology issues. His task was to inspire and monitor over 20 institutions and partners outside ranging from large public and private sector suppliers to small specialist firms that needed seed money to take up the precision tasks. The missiles went up more or less on schedule: Trishul in 1985, Prithvi in 1988, Agni in 1989 and the others in 1990. The development and successful flight test of Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, Nag, and Agni established the indigeneous capability towards self reliance in defence preparedness. The successful launching of Agni surface-to-surface missile was a unique achievement which made India a member of an exclusive club of highly developed countries. The Trishul has the unique distinction of being capable of serving all three services. The establishment of the Research Centre Imarat(RCI), a campus 8km from DRDL, in 1988 was perhaps the most satisfying achievement for Kalam during the missile years. He received generous funding from the Government to build the futuristic centre, which is totally geared for work in advanced missile technologies. Its state-of-the-art facilities are set in a unique ambience and the level of comfort accorded to the individual worker is matched by few RD institutions. And Kalams interest in the environment saw RCI emerge as an oasis in a rocky wasteland. It has a small farm that meets the food requirements of those who stay in the RCI quarters. Kalam was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1990. On 25th November 1997, in appreciation of his contributions to Indian defence and science, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was awarded Indias highest civilian honour- the Bharat Ratna. In October 1998, he bagged the prestigious Indira Gandhi award for national integration(for 1997). After 10 years in DRDL, he went to New Delhi to take over from Arunachalam as Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister reluctantly, many in DRDL felt. But the system created by Kalam had taken a firm hold in that decade and the missile programme passed on smoothly into its final phase of production and induction. In Delhi, Kalam as head of the DRDO had to deliver other prestigious projects, such as the Arjun MBT and the Light Combat Aircraft(LCA) projects. Strength respects strength, this is Kalams usual response to the question why India needs its own missiles or a battle tank or a combat aircraft. While management practices he adopted for the missile program have inevitably rubbed off on these projects, there are no miracles to be had in strategic development areas. There have been technical problems. Even in the missile program, work on the SAMs and the ATM is slower than anticipated. But Trishuls recent multiple test flights have demonstrated that the system Kalam put in place has inherent strengths. Kalam is by no means a miracle man. As the head of a vast network of laboratories whose products include avalanche-controlling structures in Kashmir, water desalination kits for the Thar desert, a world class sonar submarine finder for the latest warship INS Delhi, and infra-red night vision goggles for the Indian Army Kalams attention is necessarily a bit diffused. His self-effacing persona cloaks a formidable catalyst who can make people work. Kalam is happiest at the drawing board, in discussion with his scientists on how their dreams for the next millennium can be fulfilled. The projects envisaged include an air breathing hyperplane spacecraft that draws oxygen from the atmosphere rather than carry it all the way from the ground, reusable missiles and stealth technology. Kalam has shown that with adequate funding, freedom from procedural holdups and a people-oriented management, India can make products of internationally acceptable technical standards in a demanding arena like defence. Science, according to Kalam, is a global phenomenon. He feels there are a few areas where India can develop its core competence. These areas are software engineering, computer products and design, agriculture and food, aviation, defence research and space technology and chemical engineering. This will lead to a highly beneficial economic and social progress for the nation. On 25th November 1999, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was appointed Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India and accorded the rank of a Cabinet Minister. His role was to advise on overall scientific development in the country on issues relating to scientific and technical policy in different sectors. Kalam also advised on matters relating to achieving technological self-reliance and foreign collaboration. On December 8, 2000, the Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission, Shri K.C. Pant conferred the Life-time Contribution Award in Engineering 2000 on Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam at the annual function of the Indian National Academy of Engineering in New Delhi. Speaking on the occasion, Kalam said that Engineering and technology should be used for the upliftment of the people living below the poverty line. On November 10, 2001, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam quit as principal scientific advisor to the government. Sources close to Kalam, said he quit because of lack of executive authority. However Kalam had been for quite some time keen on pursuing academic interests and helping scientists across the country in developing their research capabilities. Thats why after quitting he took over the job as distinguished professor at Anna University. Dr Kalam has spent the past few years developing the concept of India Millennium Missions 2020 a blueprint for transforming India into a developed nation. He calls it the second vision of the nation and says he wants to focus on the children of India to ignite in their minds a love for science and the nations mission: a developed India. On July 25, 2002, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was sworn in as the 11th President of India by Chief Justice of India B.N. Kirpal in the Central Hall of Parliament at an impressive function telecast live across the country. Kalam took the oath in the name of God as a 21-gun salute boomed in the background Dr. Abdul Kalam has visualized the following distinctive profile for India by the year 2020: 1. A Nation where the rural and urban divide has reduced to a thin line. 2. A Nation where there is an equitable distribution and adequate access to energy and quality water. 3. A Nation where agriculture, industry and service sector work together in symphony. 4. A Nation where education with value system is not denied to any meritorious candidates because of societal or economic discrimination. 5. A Nation which is the best destination for the most talented scholars, scientists, and investors. 6. A Nation where the best of health care is available to all. 7. A Nation where the governance is responsive, transparent and corruption free. 8. A Nation where poverty has been totally eradicated, illiteracy removed and crimes against women and children are absent and none in the society feels alienated. 9. A Nation that is prosperous, healthy, secure, peaceful and happy and continues with a sustainable growth path. 10. A Nation that is one of the best places to live in and is proud of its leadership. Dr. Kalam: The Kind Human A truly Inspirational Story of a boss! On a day at TERLS: There were about 70 scientists working on a very hectic project. All of them were really frustrated due to the pressure of work and the demands of their boss but everyone was loyal to him and did not think of quitting the job. One day, one scientist came to his boss and told him Sir, I have promised to my children that I will take them to the exhibition going on in our township. So I want to leave the office at 5 30 pm. His boss replied OK, Youre permitted to leave the office early today. The Scientist started working. He continued his work after lunch. As usual he got involved to such an extent that he looked at his watch when he felt he was close to completion. The time was 8.30 PM. Suddenly he remembered of the promise he had given to his children.He looked for his boss, He was not there. Having told him in the morning itself, he closed everything and left for home. Deep within himself, he was feeling guilty for having disappointed his children. He reached home. Children were not there. His wife alone was sitting in the hall and reading magazines.The situation was explosive, any talk would boomerang on him. His wife asked him Would you like to have coffee or shall I straight away serve dinner if you are hungry.The man replied If you would like to have coffee, I too will have but what about Children . Wife replied You dont know , Your manager came here at 5.15 PM and has taken the children to the exhibition .What had really happened was .: The boss who granted him permission was observing him working seriously at 5.00 PM. He thought to himself, this person will not leave the work, but if he has promised his children they should enjoy the visit to exhibition. So he took the lead in taking them to exhibition. The boss does not have to do it every time. But once it is done, loyalty is established.That is why all the scientists at Thumba continued to work under their boss even though the stress was tremendous. The boss was none other than Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam . Another Life incident, when Dr. Kalam was asked a question : Could you give an example, from your own experience, of how leaders should manage failure? Dr. Kalam  said Let me tell you about my experience. In 1973 I became the project director of Indias satellite launch vehicle program, commonly called the SLV-3. Our goal was to put Indias Rohini satellite into orbit by 1980. I was given funds and human resources but was told clearly that by 1980 we had to launch the satellite into space. Thousands of people worked together in scientific and technical teams towards that goal. By 1979 I think the month was August we thought we were ready. As the project director, I went to the control center for the launch. At four minutes before the satellite launch, the computer began to go through the checklist of items that needed to be checked. One minute later, the computer program put the launch on hold; the display showed that some control components were not in order. My experts I had four or five of them with me told me not to worry; they had done their calculations and there was enough reserve fuel. So I bypassed the computer, switched to manual mode, and launched the rocket. In the first stage, everything worked fine. In the second stage, a problem developed. Instead of the satellite going into orbit, the whole rocket system plunged into the Bay of Bengal. It was a big failure. That day, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, Prof. Satish Dhawan, had called a press conference. The launch was at 7:00 am, and the press conference where journalists from around the world were present was at 7:45 am at ISROs satellite launch range in Sriharikota [in Andhra Pradesh in southern India]. Prof. Dhawan, the leader of the organization, conducted the press conference himself. He took responsibility for the failure he said that the team had worked very hard, but that it needed more technological support. He assured the media that in another year, the team would definitely succeed. Now, I was the project director, and it was my failure, but instead, he took responsibility for the failure as chairman of the organization. The next year, in July 1980, we tried again to launch the satellite and this time we succeeded. The whole nation was jubilant. Again, there was a press conference. Prof. Dhawan called me aside and told me, You conduct the press conference today. I learned a very important lesson that day. When failure occurred, the leader of the organization owned that failure. When success came, he gave it to his team. The best management lesson I have learned did not come to me from reading a book; it came from that experience. Dr. Kalams Inspirational messages: As a child of God, I am greater than anything that can happen to me. Be more dedicated to making solid achievements than in running after swift but synthetic happiness. Climbing to the top demands strength, whether it is to the top of Mount Everest or to the top of your career. Do we not realize that self respect comes with self reliance? Educationists should build the capacities of the spirit of inquiry, creativity, entrepreneurial and moral leadership among students and become their role model. English is necessary as at present original works of science are in English. I believe that in two decades times original works of science will start coming out in our languages. Then we can move over like the Japanese. God, our Creator, has stored within our minds and personalities, great potential strength and ability. Prayer helps us tap and develop these powers. Great dreams of great dreamers are always transcended. I was willing to accept what I couldnt change. If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the father, the mother and the teacher. In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime. It means, people who are in high and responsible positions, if they go against righteousness, righteousness itself will get transformed into a destroyer. Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow. Life is a difficult game. You can win it only by retaining your birthright to be a person. Look at the sky. We are not alone. The whole universe is friendly to us and conspires only to give the best to those who dream and work. Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success. My view is that at a younger age your optimism is more and you have more imagination etc. You have less bias. No religion has mandated killing others as a requirement for its sustenance or promotion. Those who cannot work with their hearts achieve but a hollow, half-hearted success that breeds bitterness all around. To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal. Unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. In this world, fear has no place. Only strength respects strength. We have not invaded anyone. We have not conquered anyone. We have not grabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enforce our way of life on them. We must think and act like a nation of a billion people and not like that of a million people. Dream, dream, dream! We should not give up and we should not allow the problem to defeat us. We will be remembered only if we give to our younger generation a prosperous and safe India, resulting out of economic prosperity coupled with civilizational heritage. Why are we, as a nation so obsessed with foreign things? Is it a legacy of our colonial years? We want foreign television sets. We want foreign shirts. We want foreign technology. Why this obsession with everything imported? You have to dream before your dreams can come true. Thinking is progress. Non-thinking is stagnation of the individual, organisation and the country. Thinking leads to action. Knowledge without action is useless and irrelevant. Knowledge with action, converts adversity into prosperity. When you speak, speak the truth; perform when you promise; discharge your trust Withhold your hands from striking, and from taking that which is unlawful and bad What actions are most excellent? To gladden the heart of a human being, to feed the hungry, to help the afflicted to lighten the sorrow of the sorrowful and to remove the wrongs of injured Away! Fond thoughts, and vex my soul no more! Work claimed my wakeful nights, my busy days Albeit brought memories of Rameswaram shore Yet haunt my dreaming gaze! I will not be presumptuous enough to say that my life can be a role model for anybody; but some poor child living in an obscure place in an underprivileged social setting may find a little solace in the way my destiny has been shaped. It could perhaps help such children liberate themselves from the bondage of their illusory backwardness and hopelessness?.. My worthiness is all my doubt His Merit- all my fear- Contrasting which my quality Does however appear   Indeed APJ Abdul Kalam is a great personality, whose contemplated words mean much more than just the literal meaning. Some lessons in the life of Dr. Kalam. In 1936; Kalams education initiated at the age of 5 years in Rameswaram Panchayat elementary school. He had a Teacher Muthu Iyer who took special interest in him as he performed very well in a class exercise. He was impressed and next day he came his house to tell his father that Abdul was a very good student. His parents were happy and he also got his favourite sweet from his mother. When he was in first class, one day he did not turn up at school. Teacher Muthu Iyer noticed his absence and same evening he went to Kalams father to ask what the problem was and whether he can do anything to help. On that day, Kalam was having fever. Another important thing, which he noticed was Kalams hand writing, was very poor. He gave a three page writing exercise ensured that Kalam did the exercise everyday regularly. By these actions of his teacher Muthu Iyer, Kalams father believed that Muthu Iyer was not only a good teacher but also a great influence who shaped kalam with good habits. Kalam was studying in 5th class at the age of 10 when he was given a vision for his life. He had a teacher, Shri Siva Subramania Iyer. He was a very good teacher. One day he was teaching about birds flight. He drew a diagram of a bird on the blackboard depicting the wings, tail and the body structure with the head. He explained how the birds create the lift and fly. He also explained how they change direction while flying. Nearly 25 minutes he gave the lecture with various information such as lift, drag and how the birds fly in a formation of 10, 20 or 30 etc. At the end of the class, he wanted to know whether the students understood how the birds fly, to which Kalam replied he didnt understand. When he said this, he asked the other students whether they understood or not. Many students said that they did not understand. Hence, the teacher took the students to the beach that evening and asked them to observe how the bird flapped their wings, twisted their tales to give directions to the flight and used their will, motivation and own life to act as the engine of their flight. The theory coupled with practical example gave Kalam the goal and mission in life. He worked towards joining aeronautical engineering in MIT, Chennai Greatly inspired by Aryabhata, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Brahmagupta and Bhaskaracharyas work as Indians who had made significant contributions to astronomy and mathematics, Kalam had found his areas of interest and motivational figures. Working under Prof. Srinivasan, the then Director of MIT, Kalam was given a project in third year of his course, he was assigned a project to design a low-level attack aircraft together with six other colleagues. He was given the responsibility of system design and system integration by integrating the team members. Also, he was responsible for aerodynamic and structural design of the project. The other five of the team took up the design of propulsion, control, guidance, avionics and instrumentation of the aircraft. He reviewed the project and declared Kalams work to be gloomy and disappointing. He didnt lend an ear to Kalams difficulties in bringing together data base from multiple designers. Kalam asked for a months time and Dr. Srinivasan gave only 3 days time. Also, a warning that if the task was not completed in time, Kalams scholarship would be revoked. Kalam had a jolt of life, as scholarship was the lifeline, without which he could not continue with his studies. So the team, skipping the dinner

In praise of the F Word, by Mary Sherry :: Failing Students Who Deserve to Fail

In the article â€Å"In praise of the â€Å"F† Word† Mary Sherry discusses the â€Å"F† word, which means failure. Basically Mary Sherry stated that the kids of today are getting cheated out of a good education. They are passing through the school system because some are good kids and they do not create any problems in the classroom. But, at the same time employers are also being cheated because they expect graduates to have the basic skills. She also stated that Diplomas are considered meaningless because most of these kids who were awarded one could not read or write properly and therefore, they are back in night school along with adults who are trying to get their G.E.D. Mary Sherry teaches an evening class and came to the conclusion that kids are being cheated when she asked them to write about an unpleasant experience in school. They all wrote something negative, they were crying out for help. It was also indicated that the teachers should have been more forceful in using the â€Å"F† word. Instead, these kids are now very angry and resentful for being passed along. It was also noted that your environment should not be an issue because most kids do not take school seriously and the teachers should have been more forceful with the â€Å"F† word. This also causes the employers to be cheated out of what they expect from their employees. Employers are also being cheated because the teachers fail to do their job right. For example, if a student went to school to be a nurse and is passed because he or she doesn’t disrupt class and was a good student this cause them to get a diploma. However, when they get into the real world they cannot deliver what is expected of them and can also be very costly for the employers. Therefore, the employer has no choice but to rehire and retrain. If the teacher were using the â€Å"F† word then the student would take the class more seriously and realize that their future is at stake. Finally, Mary Stated that Many people can rise above any situation if they are motivated, encouraged and knowing that they have something at stake to loose.

Judgment in Anna Karenina Essay -- Tolstoy Anna Karenina Essays

The question of judgment and sympathies in Anna Karenina is one that seems to become more complicated each time I read the novel. The basic problem with locating the voice of judgment is that throughout the novel, there are places where we feel less than comfortable with the seemingly straightforward, at times even didactic presentation of Anna and Vronsky's fall into sin alongside Levin's constant moral struggle. As Anna's story unfolds in its episodic manner within the context of the rest of the novel, Tolstoy seems to be trying to make the fact of her guilt more and more clear to us; at the same time though, we have more and more difficulty in tracing out the specific locus of that guilt. In a novel as consummately constructed as this one is, we are tempted to look for places where the undercurrents of the text, the places where the text takes on its own life and force, run against, or at least complicate, the discernment of authorial judgment. By closely examining To lstoy's treatment of Anna's moral crisis as compared with his handling of Levin, we might attempt to unravel the book's rather layered and complex system of condemnation. The novel's epigraph sets a certain tone for us before we even begin reading; the biblically inflected "Vengeance is mine; I will repay," plants in our heads the idea that wrong will be done and punishment exacted. Indeed, we come across a wrong in the very first lines of the opening chapter, in Stepan Arkadyich's dalliance with the French governess, which has thrown the Oblonsky house into "confusion."(1) Tolstoy's descriptions of Stepan Arkadyich as a pleasant, honest, well-liked bon vivant seem at times to drip with contempt. He is "lazy and mischievous"(14), his life... ...he end, perhaps because Tolstoy was a better writer than he was true moralist, I'm not sure that Tolstoy ever reconciled the novel's judgment of Anna with his own sympathy and love for her. The result is a novel divided, uneasy with the Å’vengefulness' of its own condemnation, perhaps proud of its over-riding message of living for truth and "the good"(817) in life, but ultimately unable to fully convince us that it gravitates toward its own confused and forced moral center. Works Cited and Consulted Cherneshevsky, Nikolai. "The Anthropological Principle in Philosophy" in Edie, Scanlan and Zeldin, eds., Russian Philosophy Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965. Tolstoy, Leo. Anna Karenina, trans. Constance Garnett New York: The Modern Library, 1993. Turgenev, Ivan. Sketches From a Hunter's Album, trans. Richard Freeborn London: Penguin Books, 1990.

Electric Cars, Past and Present Essay -- Electric Vehicles Green Envir

One of the main components of an electric vehicle (EV) is the controller. The controller takes power from the batteries and delivers it to the motor. To do this the accelerator pedal is hooked up to a pair of potentiometers, which provide the signal which tells the controller how much power it needs to deliver. For safety there are two potentiometers, the controller reads both potentiometers to make sure that their signal are the same, if the signals are not equal then the controller will not operate. For a car with a 300V battery the controller takes that DC voltage from the battery and converts it into a maximum of 240 volts AC to sent to the motor. This is done by using large transistors to quickly turn the batteries voltage on and off creating a sine waves. There are two types of controllers, DC (direct current) and AC (alternating current). A DC controller, in all simplicity, is basically just a big on/off switch that is wired into the accelerator pedal. When the pedal is pushed in, the switch is on, and when the pedal is not pushed in the switch is off. So while you are driving you need to push and release the accelerator to pulse the motor on and off to maintain a constant speed. While this would work who can imagine actually driving like that so the controller does this pulsing for you. The controller reads the setting of the accelerator from the potentiometers and regulates the power as needed. For example, if the accelerator is pushed 50% of the way down, the controller would rapidly switch the power to the motor on and off so that it is on half of the time and off half of the time. Likewise, if the pedal is pushed 75% down the controller pulses the power so that if is on 75% of the time and off 25% of the time. .. ...e jeeps had a top speed of 50 mph and a range of 40 miles at a speed of 40 mph. Heating and defrosting were accomplished with a gas heater and the recharge time was 10 hours. The Present Several legislative and regulatory actions in the United States and worldwide have renewed electric vehicle development efforts. Primary among these is the U.S. 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment, the U.S. 1992 Energy Policy Act, and regulations issued by the California Air Resources Board (CRAB). In addition to more stringent air emissions requirements and regulations requiring reductions in gasoline use, several states have issued Zero Emission Vehicle requirements. Electric conversions of gasoline powered vehicles, as well as electric vehicles designed from the ground up, are now available that reach super highway speeds with ranges of 50 to 150 miles between recharging.

A Strong Coding Foundation

The healthcare field involves the use of medical language in note taking and diagnosis. For a professional in this are it is necessary to have the coding skills. This paper will look at importance of understanding medical terminology and anatomy in attaining these skills.Effective CodingThe most significant step in a health care profession involves learning the common medical terminology and understanding the code’s meaning. This helps in correct diagnosis and performance of procedural codes written in medical language as in a physician’s notes, thus building the coder’s confidence.The American Academy of Professional Coder's (AAPC's) offers essential courses like Medical Terminology and Anatomy, for medical coding and billing and career preparation in a non-clinical medical profession. It uses the coder’s view to introduce students to the human body in a medical coding and reimbursement profession language. It also provides the certified professional code r (CPC) exam to assess this knowledge requirement.The seriousnessIt is important to take the medical terminology course seriously in order to gain a strong medical knowledge base by avoiding the rush through text, smash through quiz and cramming for exams to ensure long term retention of information. Alternatively, different study methods such as chunking, making mental notes, creating flash cards for a chapter and memorizing by association can be used. In addition, one can also focus more on challenging areas.Application to CPC ExamThe CPC exam’s open book is a great resource for preparation as it contains anatomy images which offer more understanding. Additionally, while taking the exam, confidence and quick movement through questions is of importance.An understanding of medical terminology and anatomy is also essential in the implementation ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS which is more detailed and involves consistent terminology.ConclusionDue to the importance of knowledge termi nology and human anatomy all coders and medical records professionals should ensure that they possess it.ReferencesEricson, B., 2009. A Strong Coding Foundation: Build upon Medical Terminology andAnatomy for CPC Success. Retrieved from < http://healthinformation.advanceweb.com/Student-and-New-Grad-Center/Certifications-and-Credentials/A-Strong-Coding-Foundation.aspx> on 10th July, 2010.

Do Women Lust

Do Women Lust? I think that all women lust because every female has a hormone that comes out when they see a hot guy. They begin to start thinking about the guy and what he looks like with his clothes off. Some women even go as far as telling their friend that’s around them what they would do to the dude. Most people don’t really realize or notice when a lady lust after something. Most females don’t show there expressions on their face but on the inside her mind is running wild about the person whether it’s a male or another female.Most women won’t typically show that their lusting like men try to do. Sometimes the ladies eyes can tell you if they might be lusting or see a man that has caught their eye and they will probably watch them until they leave their sight. Women thoughts are just like men because they have their thoughts and ideas of how they can please the guy. Women know exactly how to turn on a man. They know how to turn them on by manip ulating this hardwired â€Å"quirk† that absolves them of the need to actually know anything about a woman.This means that the women start acting sexy but acting distant at the same time. They do things that they know will make the man want to see what they really can do once they are able to take the woman’s clothes. The women know what they be doing when the start teasing the guy by slowly taking off her clothes and a sexy dance with it. The women know most of the times that they don’t really want to have sex with the man so she will play with his emotions until she gets tired of doing that or until she take it too far and wants to have sex for real with him.

Animal Cruelty Essay

To bring awareness to my audience about animal cruelty. Introduction: As humanity has grown, there has been an increase in authority and rules and regulations of everyday life. One of these rules is animal cruelty. Animal cruelty simply means cruel unjustified treatment of animals and sometimes pets to unnecessary harm and pain. One principal type of animal cruelty is torture. It is not ethical, moral, or legal but we humans do it.. One of the places we see the most animal cruelty is in the circuses. Animals in circuses are regularly and dangerously exposed to many abuses and diseases. Circuses do not practice what they preach and indulge in animal cruelty on a regular basis, after the training sessions of the circuses, tight collars, whips; beatings and torture are the order of the day for these animals. Elephants are one of the animals that suffer from major diseases in the circuses like tuberculosis and can infect humans with the bacterial disease. Some cases show that the elephants were not cured medically for wounds caused during beatings and other natural causes. Circuses have known to keep a large amount of soil ready, to hide the wounds and the blood on the elephants. Some elephants have also suffered from lameness, arthritis and food abscesses. Elephant deaths in circuses are normally caused due to osteoporosis. Elephants suffer from Osteoporosis simply because they do not have wide spaces to move around. Due to the cruel treatments, it has been proved that circus animals are dying at a higher rate than they are breeding. Circuses teach children that it’s acceptable to abuse and mistreat animals for amusement Another animal cruelty is with dogs, people seem to think that fighting is a dog’s nature. Dogs are not the same as humans, but dogs do feel physical pain. Just because a dog can’t say â€Å"That hurts! † doesn’t mean they don’t feel pain. Dogs also suffer from feelings such as loneliness when left chained. That’s why they howl and bark, to try and get some attention and if they are ignored dogs stops howling, it’s because he’s given up hope. So much cruelty is involved in dogfighting. Dogs are tortured to make them violent. Kittens and puppies are used as bait to teach dogs to kill. Illegal drugs and weapons are usual at dogfights. Fighting dogs usually live on chains their whole lives. Other animal cruelty we see is when they make experiments on animals, like monkeys, mouse, gineapigs etc. Monkeys and others animals do not have identical immune systems as humans, and may not respond to drugs or vaccines in the same way. Animals are often depressed alternatives for humans, and some mixtures that may well cause no harm to an animal, could seriously harm a human being. Also, a drug that is toxic to the animal it is tested on may have no toxicity, and even healing benefits in humans. Pain and suffering still occur, and simply being in captivity can cause great distress to animals, just as it would to a human. We most of the times forget the pain and suffering we are causing to animals, we use them as objects of study, rather than live creatures, and this can mean they are treated as disposable rather than indispensable.

Organizational Staffing Plan: Part 2

The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insight into the staffing process to be implemented by the coffee shop. This paper will present several key points in order to procure final loan approval. These points include the formulation of a recruitment plan and strategy, which will be used by the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years. The targeted communication message and delivery medium will be presented for the purpose of attracting applicants. The selection process to be used will be identified as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this process.The types of initial and substantive assessment methods that can be used to select external candidates and how these assessments align with the staffing strategy will be discussed. And finally, the predictors which will be used to assess the KSAOs will be identified. Recruiting Plan and Implementation Strategy The coffee shop is a smaller business and does not have the staff or budget to run its own rec ruitment functions effectively. The recruitment strategy that will be used to staff the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years will be the use of an employment website.This open recruitment plan will allow the coffee shop to attract a very diverse set of applicants. The benefit of the employment website is that they will be able to provide the advertising, video advertising, pre-employment screenings, and applicant tracking (Heneman, Judge, & Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012, p. 222). Once the initial recruitment has been accomplished, it will be in the best interest of the coffee shop to change the strategy slightly and move towards a more targeted recruitment plan. The coffee shop will be better equipped to handle placing their own advertisements, utilizing social media, and networking from within the staff.This strategy will benefit the coffee shop because they will be able to seek specific individuals with certain, knowledge, skills, ability, and other characteristics. Creating a Communication Message Once the coffee shop moves into their more targeted recruitment plan, they will need to develop a communication message. The communication message is one of the most important aspects to attracting applicants to the available positions. It will be very important to resist the urge to make the message all inclusive. To increase accuracy, the coffee shop will need to aim for one target audience per message.This will mean that there will be multiple messages, but only one message for each position description. It will also be very important that the targeted message reaches the target audience. Therefore, it is imperative that the message convey the benefits of the position to the proper audience (Massachusetts Service Alliance [MA Service Alliance], 2013). The coffee shop is considering using the following targeted communication message for advertising the coffee server positions. Of course this message is being targeted to the nearby college students. Are you looking for a way to make some extra money? Are you looking for more than just a job? Join us in our warm, friendly coffee shop. This will be different from other jobs. You will enjoy working in our fast paced environment. You’ll have the opportunity to make great connections with our customers while providing them with quality beverages and food products. Come join our team while building relationships that will last a lifetime. We offer flexible schedules, great benefits and an environment that is truly welcoming. Selecting an Effective Communication MediumBecause the coffee shop’s initial strategy is to use an employment website, the communication medium for the recruitment effort would be the internet. Utilizing the internet will enable the shop to recruit from a vast and diverse talent pool of applicants. An employment website is second only to referral as a source of new hires (Heneman, Judge, & Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012, p. 222). Once the initial recruitmen t is complete, the coffee shop will move to a different communication medium. The coffee shop will be able to utilize advertisement options such as classified ads, radio and television ads, and word of mouth.Because word of mouth is one of the most powerful methods of communicating job opportunities, the coffee shop is anticipating that the current employees will be able to ‘sell’ the coffee shop. In order to minimize advertising costs, it will benefit the coffee shop to utilize social media. Facebook, Twitter, and many other social media sites are a great way to reach out to the community. By maintaining pages on these social media sites, the coffee shop not only will be able to advertise for open positions, but they will also be able to advertise the company and drawin new customers. Selection Process Putting the right person into the right position is the goal of an effective selection process. By selecting the right applicant for each of the positions, the coffee sh op will face less absenteeism and employee turnover problems. In addition, the coffee shop will also save time and money (â€Å"Selection Process,† n. d. , Para. 1. ). To begin this process it will be necessary to determine the Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics (KSAOs). And then determine which KSAOs are necessary to assess the applicants.Once identified, a method to assess the KSAOs will need to be determined. The advantages of selecting the employees this way is that the coffee shop will eliminate unqualified applicants early in the process. However, the disadvantage is that it may significantly lessen the pool of applicants. This may require additional time and cost in advertising again for the positions. Selection Assessment Methods By utilizing an employment website, the coffee shop will be presented with applicants that have been prescreened.However, once the coffee shop is established and discontinues the use of an outside agency, it will need to prescreen them to determine which applicants are likely to be high performers if hired. The initial assessment begins with a review of the resume. This review will be necessary to determine if the applicant has listed any skill or experience that meets the qualification requirements. In the case of the store manager, the coffee shop will be looking for retail experience, supervisory experience, and experience analyzing financial reports.Although, a college degree in business or a closely related field may substitute for a portion of the required experience. In addition, the manager position requires a high school diploma. For the server, the experience should be reflected by customer service and cash handling experiences. Once the applicant pool has been reduced to eligible candidates, a structured interview will be conducted. This substantive assessment will be conducted by the owner of the coffee shop. The structured interview will allow for three to five questions.These same ques tions will be asked of each candidate and will be developed based upon the KSAOs relevant to the position. The questions should reflect the candidate’s behavioral response, either by past behavior or by potential future situations. Benchmark responses and rating scales will be developed in conjunction with the questions to allow for the most desirable evaluation. If it is determined that some of the questions are more important than others, those questions will be weighted. Predictors to Assess KSAOs As seen in the first paper presented, the KSAOs have already been presented.The coffee shop will utilize the necessary KSAOs to further assess the applicant’s knowledge and experience. For the position of store manager, some of the KSAOs that will be necessary are the ability to manage effectively in a fast-paced environment, ability to manage store operations independently, ability to manage multiple situations simultaneously, interpersonal skills, knowledge of customer s ervice techniques, organization and planning skills, team-building skills, ability to plan and prioritize workload, and ability to handle confidential and sensitive information.For the position of coffee server, the KSAOs used in the assessments would be the ability to learn quickly, strong interpersonal skills, the ability to work as part of a team, and the ability to build relationships. In order to predict successful job performance both the resume and the results of the structured interview will be reviewed. The knowledge listed on an applicant’s resume should become highly relevant during the structured interview. The structured interview will allow the candidate to reveal verbal skills, which are necessary to successfully communicate with both fellow workers and customers.The applicants resume will reflect required abilities while the interview will appropriately assess them. Other individual characteristics may be predicted through during the interview. The candidateâ €™s personality, which will not show in a resume, will be revealed at the structured interview. Conclusion For the coffee shop to be successful, it will need to have a recruitment plan as well as a strong strategic plan for the first three years of the business.